Generation of X-rays with permanent magnet and superconducting undulators
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- uploaded August 1, 2025
An undulator is a device used in particle accelerators to make electrons emit radiation, such as X-rays. An undulator is made of a series of magnets with alternating poles that force fast-moving electrons to oscillate side to side as they pass through. This motion forces the electrons to emit electromagnetic waves, which adds up to a brilliant and focused beam.
Conventional undulators use permanent magnets. The aim is to replace these with superconductors. For the same geometry, superconducting magnets can produce magnetic field up to three times stronger. This makes it possible to build superconducting undulators with shorter period and still significantly strong magnetic field. The short period enables the generation of X-rays with even shorter wavelengths or higher photon energies. Additionally, the stronger magnetic field not only broadens the available X-ray wavelength range for various experiments but also makes the X-rays brighter.
